Pump failure, causes and solutions

1. Failure: The pump is not absorbing water, and the pressure gauge is fluctuating violently.

Reason: Insufficient water supply during priming. Air is trapped inside the pump. There are leaks in the hoses or tubes.

Solution: Fill the pump with water using an irrigation foot. Check all the piping for air leaks and tighten or replace as necessary.

2. Fault: The vacuum gauge shows a high vacuum level, but the pump still isn’t drawing water.

Cause: The foot valve is not opening properly or is severely clogged. High resistance in the suction pipe. Excessive suction lift.

Solution: Inspect the foot valve and ensure it opens freely. Simplify the suction piping to reduce resistance. Lower the suction height if possible.

3. Fault: The discharge pressure gauge shows pressure, but the pump is delivering little or no water.

Reason: High resistance in the discharge pipe. Motor rotating in the wrong direction. Impeller is clogged. Low speed.

Solution: Reduce pipe resistance by clearing blockages. Check motor rotation direction and correct if needed. Clean or replace the impeller. Ensure the motor runs at the rated speed.

4. Fault: The flow rate is lower than the designed value.

Cause: Impeller is clogged. Seal ring clearance is too large. Motor speed is insufficient.

Solution: Remove any blockage from the impeller. Replace the seal ring if worn. Ensure the motor is operating at the rated speed specified on the nameplate.

5. Failure: The pump consumes excessive power.

Reason: Packing is too tight, causing friction. Packing chamber overheating. Impeller wear. Excessive water supply.

Solution: Loosen the packing gland slightly. Replace the impeller if worn. Close the gate valve to reduce the flow and prevent overloading.

6. Malfunction: Abnormal noise is heard from the pump, and it is not pumping water.

Cause: High resistance in the suction pipe. Excessive suction lift. Air entering the suction line. The temperature of the liquid being pumped is too high.

Solution: Check the suction pipe for blockages. Clean the foot valve. Lower the temperature of the liquid or reduce the suction height if possible.

7. Fault: Pump vibration is observed.

Cause: Misalignment between the pump shaft and motor shaft. Imbalanced impeller. Excessive bearing clearance.

Solution: Align the pump and motor shafts properly. Perform a balance test on the impeller, ensuring unbalanced weight does not exceed 3 grams. Replace worn bearings if necessary.

8. Fault: Bearings are overheating.

Reason: Insufficient lubrication or oil with too high viscosity. Worn bearings with excessive clearance. Misalignment between pump and motor.

Solution: Add sufficient lubricating oil or use oil with lower viscosity. Replace worn bearings. Adjust the pump and motor alignment to ensure concentricity.

9. Failure: Unusual noise is generated from the pump.

Reason: Pump and motor are not aligned. Worn bearings in the pump or motor cause vibration and noise.

Solution: Realign the pump and motor to ensure proper concentricity. Replace the bearings if they are worn out.

These troubleshooting steps can help identify and resolve common issues in centrifugal pumps. Regular maintenance and careful operation are essential to ensure smooth and efficient performance. Always follow safety procedures when inspecting or repairing equipment.

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