Brief introduction of coalbed methane utilization technology

About CBM

Coalbed methane, commonly known as coal mine gas, is an unconventional natural gas that is mainly in the state of adsorption and is produced and stored in coal-bearing strata. Its composition is basically the same as that of conventional natural gas (methane content is more than 95%, calorific value is more than 8100 kcal), it can be mixed and mixed with conventional natural gas. The coalbed methane pumped underground can be directly used as power plant without purification or concentration. Fuel can greatly reduce the cost of power generation.

Coalbed methane is a new type of clean energy that has emerged in the past 20 years. It has a wide range of applications in power generation, industrial and civil fuels, and chemical raw materials. The rational use of coalbed methane can alleviate the current energy shortage, improve energy structure, and reduce greenhouses. Gas emissions improve the safety of coal mine production and drive the development of related industries.

Coalbed methane utilization technology

The world's major coal-producing countries attach great importance to the development of coal-bed methane. The United Kingdom, Germany, the former Soviet Union, Poland and other countries mainly use coal before the mining and pumping and drainage areas to extract coalbed methane. In the early 1980s, the United States began experimenting with the application of conventional oil and gas wells (ie, surface drilling) to extract coalbed methane and achieved breakthrough progress, marking the beginning of a new phase of world coalbed methane development. There are two situations in the development of coalbed methane in the United States. One is to mine coalbed methane in coalfields without coal mining operations. The technology used is basically similar to conventional natural gas production technology. Coal seams with low permeability often require coal seam stimulation and stimulation measures. For example, the CBM recovery technology for injecting carbon dioxide into undevelopable deep coal seams; the other is to develop coalbed methane in the production mine area. In this case, gas production is closely related to coal mining, especially using ground drilling to extract goafs. The coalbed methane is usually easy to pump and does not require coal fracturing.

In other countries, CBM development technology is very mature. For example, Australia uses aeromagnetic survey and seismic exploration to determine the optimal location of the well, developed horizontal well high-pressure water jet reconstruction technology, and applied horizontal drilling, oblique drilling and Coalbed methane is mined by vertical borehole drainage technology in ground goaf.

China's geological conditions are complex, coal reservoirs have the characteristics of "three lows and one high", namely: low pressure, low permeability, low saturation, high gas content, and need to further improve the basic theory and guide the exploration and development of coalbed methane. China has already mature technology for underground coalbed methane mining in this layer, adjacent layer and goaf, and some key technologies need to be further improved. Since the introduction of foreign coalbed methane development technology in the early 1990s, the CBM exploration and development technology suitable for China's coal reservoir characteristics has been basically mastered, which has created conditions for the commercial development of coalbed methane.

Domestic and foreign support policies

In the United States in 1980, the "Energy-Free Profits Act" Article 29 tax subsidy policy greatly promoted the development of the CBM industry. In 1992, the US Energy Regulatory Commission promulgated Decree No. 636, which eliminated the control of the natural gas purchase and sale market by pipeline companies, and was more conducive to the expansion of the CBM market.

The Renewable Energy Law promulgated by Germany in 2000 is a milestone in the development of German coalbed methane. The law stipulates that in the next 20 years, coal-bed methane power generation equipment of more than 500 kilowatts will subsidize 7 euro cents per kilowatt hour.

China has been encouraging the use of coalbed methane since the 1980s. In 1996, it established Zhonglian Company to support the development and utilization of coalbed methane as an industry. It has successively introduced a series of preferential policies, including import equipment tax reduction and exemption from mining areas. Fees and other tax reductions, etc.

Technical feasibility

Adequate gas source: China's total coalbed methane resources with a depth of 2000m are about 30-35 trillion m3, which is equivalent to the total amount of conventional natural gas resources on the land (30 trillion m3), ranking third in the world.

There has been a great development: in recent years, China's CBM domestic self-operated and foreign cooperation have made great progress. In 2000, the utilization of coalbed methane reached about 500 million m3. The coalbed methane developed as a commercial project has been in several mining areas. Expand. The Fushun Mining Bureau and Shenyang Gas Company invested a total investment of 226 million yuan in Fushun coalbed methane development and utilization project from Fushun to Shenyang. At the end of 2000, China United Coalbed Methane Company drilled 11 wells in the southeast of Qinshui Basin. China National Petroleum Corporation also completed a well group test of six wells in 1999.

Existing development model: Jincheng Anthracite Coal Group plans to build a 120MW CBM power plant. The project has been established and is the largest CBM power plant to be built in the world. It is estimated that the total investment of 478.96 million yuan, of which 25% of the capital injected by the way Jincheng Mining Group, the other 75% to be solved by the application of ADB lending, the specific terms being discussed.

Zhonglian Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd. is a state-owned company specializing in the exploration and development of coalbed methane approved by the State Council in 1996. The product sharing contract is a standard contract for the joint development of coalbed methane by China United. The contract period is usually 30 years, including the exploration period, development period and production period. During the exploration period, the foreign party bears the project risk and all exploration costs alone. In principle, the proportion of Chinese participation in the development period is up to 51%, and the foreign party is 49%. If the Chinese side decides that the shareholding ratio is less than 51%, the foreign party can increase its shareholding ratio accordingly.

Economic analysis

The cost of coalbed methane drainage and utilization in each coal mine is quite different. According to the relevant data, the investment in each production gas well is estimated to be about 1.2 million yuan. According to the economic evaluation of the 10km2 evaluation block for a coal mining reserve area, the average cost of CBM drainage during the 15-year service period is about 461 yuan/km3. Considering the economics of the comprehensive utilization of coalbed methane should also consider the following factors:

Form a sound market-based price system: At present, the price of CBM in some localities is determined by the relevant government departments rather than the market demand, resulting in a long period of initial investment recovery.

Early exploration costs: The largest initial investment in coalbed methane utilization lies in the exploration and site selection of gas sources. Due to the complex geological conditions of coal seams in China and the lack of exploration and mining methods for different geological conditions, it is necessary to cooperate with foreign experienced companies to use their advanced technology to reduce the cost and risk of pre-exploration.

Adopting mature development and utilization technology: China's coalbed methane drainage technology has been relatively mature, and the extracted coalbed methane should be utilized by using advanced and rational design techniques. When the mining scale is small, it can be used locally. When the mining scale is large, external transportation can be considered. Construction of thermal power plants with coalbed methane as fuel.

Cooperate with natural gas pipeline network company: Coalbed methane is a clean fuel that can be mixed with natural gas and mixed with natural gas. If it can be transported by natural gas pipeline network, it will greatly reduce the gas development cost and help to expand the end users and improve their economy.

Investment financing channel

Summarize the current experience of CBM development, mainly including the following ways to invest in the development of coalbed methane:

• Form a coalbed methane development company in cooperation with local coal or gas companies;

• The “Kyoto Protocol” stipulates that Parties can achieve partial emission reductions abroad, so the transfer and acquisition of emission reductions can also be one of the investment methods for developing coalbed methane;

• Develop and utilize coalbed methane using abandoned mine resources.

The environmental benefits of coalbed methane are receiving increasing attention. Some international organizations related to environmental protection are willing to provide funds and technical support to become financing channels for the development of coalbed methane projects. Such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) and institutions that support emission reduction trading mechanisms such as the prototype carbon fund (PCF).

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