Analysis of Liquid Nitrogen Drive System in Automobile

The research on the liquid nitrogen drive system of automobiles mainly includes the following aspects.

Systematic Cycle Study: The LN2000 system and the CoolN2Car system are representatives of the current research on the liquid nitrogen drive system cycle. Both are circulatory systems that use only liquid nitrogen as an energy storage medium. Their working principle is to use liquid nitrogen as the working medium in the open Rankine cycle, heat exchange in the ambient air heat exchanger, and work in the expander.

The main components of the LN2000 system are: cryogenic Dewar, cryogenic pumps, main heat exchangers, economizers, expanders, etc. However, the efficiency of the system is only 0.2miles/gallon (about 85kmm3) and the speed is low, only 22 miles/h (about 35.4km/h).

The principle of the LN2000 circulatory system is that liquid nitrogen is sent from a cryogenic Dewar to an economizer (preheat exchanger) by a cryogenic pump. After being heated by nitrogen discharged from the economizer, it enters the main heat exchanger and is heated by air. The pressure rises. High, enter the expander to do work. The discharged nitrogen is returned to the economizer and the liquid nitrogen is heated.

The LN2000 system and CoolN2Car system are circulatory systems that all use liquid nitrogen as an energy storage medium, but they face the following three problems:

1 Energy is provided only by the ambient air, and the heat exchange rate is slow;

2 heat exchanger surface is easy to frost;

3 Dependent on the external air environment. Therefore, from a practical point of view, such a system has low power, slow speed, and unstable operation.

The study of the expansion process: With regard to the study of the expansion process, the specific work obtained by isothermal expansion is theoretically the largest. Isothermal expansion maintains the temperature of the expanding gas during the expansion process, but such an expander is difficult to design. The actual isothermal expander has not yet been manufactured. Therefore, there is a study of quasi-isothermal expansion processes.

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