Amphibious warfare has always played an important role in the history of war. The Normandy landing in World War II pushed the amphibious landing operation to its first climax. The development of amphibious warships has received unprecedented attention. It was an important development period for amphibious warships since the 1980s. Among the modern amphibious warships, the amphibious assault ship and the amphibious dock landing ship are the main development targets. The displacement tends to be large, the tonnage is more than 10,000 tons, and the development is multi-purpose, and the offensive and defensive capabilities are obviously enhanced. After the end of the Cold War, with the increasing trend of the Navy's “from the sea to the land†and the US's vigorous development of amphibious assault ships under the guidance of the “frontier existence†theory, the world's countries have developed and built a new generation of amphibious warships – United States is prepared with the latest San Antonio-class dock landing ship integrate its large amphibious fleet; British built marine grade Liangbing assault ships and the British class dock landing ship, the French began to build the Mistral class dock landing ship, even the Dutch NATO so second-rate country in the system was also designed and built a multi-level dock landing ship Rotterdam (publication in 2005 of 4 for more details). And our neighboring Japan has also built a large-scale amphibious assault ship in the name of a new type of transport ship. The boom in the construction of a new generation of amphibious warships, the displacement in the dock landing ship between 15000-20000 tons an important role. After all, the all-pass deck amphibious assault ship high cost, not just the burden of any country plays. Even such traditional British naval countries have only built one. The new generation of multi-purpose dock landing ships, after integrating the hangar, helicopter deck and advanced command and control system, can perform the functions of the amphibious assault ship to a certain extent, and even be competent for the task of the amphibious command ship. There is no doubt that the dock landing ship will become the protagonist of future amphibious operations. Fenghua Jade Motor Co., Ltd. , http://www.plastic-pipettes.com
Development history of Chinese navy amphibious ships
When the People's Navy was established in Baima Temple, Tai County, Jiangsu Province on April 23, 1949, the amphibious combat force was very weak. In the early 1950s, the People’s Navy established the Naval Infantry (the predecessor of the Marine Corps). By 1952, five Marine divisions and two amphibious tank regiments had been formed. After the end of the Korean War, its strength once reached an astonishing 110,000. However, the development of the corresponding amphibious transport tool has been stagnant.
By the mid-1950s, China began to imitate/self-develop small-sized landing ships, and thus took the first step in the development of amphibious ships. In 1955, the Chinese Navy's Second Ship Design Institute designed and manufactured the Type 066 amphibious landing craft (Yuzhai class). It was produced by Shanghai Qixin Shipyard. In the same period, there were also 363 Type A (also known as Type 55) small landing craft. The output of these two types of boats was not high.
In 1964, the first self-developed and newly built landing craft in New China, the Type 067 (called the Yunan class in the West), was designed in Qingdao. It was designed by the Naval Ship Research Institute 708 and can transport 1 owner. Battle tanks or 2 armored vehicles, speed 11 knots, 067 models made a total of nearly 300, it is estimated that there are currently 36 in service and 200 sealed. Since then, 708 has been based on the Type 067, and developed the 068/069 landing craft (Yuqing class), which has a full displacement of only 85 tons. Each boat can carry more than 150 fully armed soldiers. In 1962 and 1972 in Shanghai. About 50 ships were built, and 8 of them were active in front of 151 and 30 were in reserve. It was the main amphibious transport force in China at that time.
In 1967, the 708 launched the 27l landing craft with a load of 100 tons. In 1974, the modified 271II was introduced. After the performance verification, it was built in large quantities. Together with the 067, it formed the main force of the small landing craft of the Navy.
In the middle and large-scale landing ships, the 073 medium-sized landing ship was introduced in 1966, but it was not mass-produced due to easy failure and hull vibration. In 1979, although the improved 07311 type (Yudao class) was introduced, it was still due to several defects. Not built in large quantities, there are 1 active duty and 3 standby. In the late 1980s, the 708 Institute improved and developed 073III on the basis of 073II. The first ship was built in 1991 and entered the service in 1993. It is called Yudeng in the West. The modified ship has increased displacement and adopts a non-flat bottom structure. The split-type first door and the folding double-section suspension bridge have a full-load displacement of more than 1,800 tons and can carry 10 main battle tanks at a time. It is equipped with 4 doors of 37mm anti-aircraft guns and can also be equipped with 122mm rockets to provide onshore fire support. Can be regarded as a modern medium-sized landing ship. Currently only one is in service. The Type 079 (Jade Company) is an enlarged version of the 27l II landing craft. It has a full displacement of 1,100 tons and currently has 31 ships in service. The Model 079 can carry three tanks and an unknown number of personnel and supplies. The boat is equipped with two double-mounted 25mm cannons and two BM2l rocket launchers.
In the 1980s, China also developed a non-flat-bottom type 074 (Yuhai class) landing ship with a full displacement of more than 600 tons and a maximum speed of 14 knots. In the 1990s, the 074 modified landing ship with a full displacement of about 800 tons and a maximum speed of 18 knots was introduced. In 1995, the first 074 modified landing ship was discovered at the Wuhu Shipyard, carrying two main battle tanks and 250 fully armed soldiers. The ship's biggest feature is its all-pass straight deck and the island-style building on the right, with a strong experimental nature. Foreign media are estimated to be building at a rate of about six ships a year, and currently there are about 20 in service.
The Xisha naval battle in 1974, the South China Sea sovereignty dispute in the 1980s, and the 1988 Sino-Vietnamese South China Sea battle required the People’s Navy to strengthen its amphibious delivery capability. The existing amphibious landing craft/ships are too small to bear long-range power delivery. task. Therefore, the People's Navy began to shift the focus of the construction of amphibious ships to large and medium-sized amphibious landing ships adapted to ocean-going operations. The design and construction of the large-scale landing ship of the People's Navy was proposed by the Navy in 1975. At that time, the design task book required the large-scale landing ship, codenamed 072, to have a speed of more than 18 knots and a load of 450 tons.
In 1979, the first 072-type (Yukang-class) amphibious landing ship was built at the Shanghai Zhonghua Shipyard. The ship has good maneuverability, maneuverability and seaworthiness. A total of seven ships were built (the number is from 927). -933), the standard displacement is 3,100 tons, the full displacement is 800 tons, and the staffing is 56. Can carry 250 Marines and 2 main battle tanks. By the beginning of 1997, seven of the Type 072 had been in service, and at least three were under construction, which was one of the main amphibious ships of the People’s Navy.
In the early 1990s, the most modern meaning of the 07021 Western amphibious landing ship known as the Yuting class appeared. It had the same superstructure as the 072, but it had a newly designed helicopter take-off and landing version, and the hull was longer. The tonnage is larger and two helicopters can be loaded for landing operations. The 072II currently produces a total of 11 vessels. In 1992, the first 072 was changed and produced by the Chinese shipyard in Shanghai. The first six ships were assigned to the South China Sea Fleet. The strong carrying capacity and long endurance have made the 072II an irreplaceable main position in the Chinese navy's amphibious carrying capacity. The standard displacement is 3,770 tons, the full row is 4,800 tons, the hull size is 130×16×3.2 meters, the maximum speed is 17 knots, the endurance is 3000 nautical miles/14 knots, and the staffing is 120 people. The biggest difference between the 07211 and the previous landing ship is that the fully automatic 76F automatic gun with optical imaging is used on the 07211, and the number is reduced to three.