Application Status of China's Monitoring Instruments in Recent 30 Years

In the past 30 years, the number of environmental monitoring and scientific research laboratory equipment has been constantly doubled, the number of instruments in the terminal station has gradually increased, the monitoring equipment has become increasingly sophisticated, and the integration technology of the world has become increasingly mature. The monitoring equipment has developed toward high, refined and sharp directions.

In the past 30 years, the level of China's environmental monitoring equipment has been continuously improved. From the manual sampling at the end of the 1970s to automatic online continuous monitoring and remote sensing monitoring.

Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, with the continuous development of environmental protection work, the country’s investment in environmental monitoring capabilities has increased. According to incomplete statistics, during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the central government has invested 350 million yuan in national network capacity-building funds, an increase of 30% over the total investment before the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan."

At present, China has initially established a national environmental monitoring network covering the whole country, including over 800 surface water monitoring sections (points) covering the country’s major water bodies, and 150 surface water quality monitoring systems consisting of 150 automatic water quality monitoring stations. The water quality monitoring system for centralized drinking water sources in key environmental cities; air quality monitoring system consisting of 661 air pollution monitoring sites, over 500 acid rain monitoring sites, and 82 dust storm monitoring stations in 113 key environmental protection cities; Inshore coastal environment monitoring network composed of 7 monitoring stations at coastal stations and over 301 monitoring stations at over 70 offshore sites; an ecological monitoring network composed of provincial and prefecture-level environmental monitoring stations across the country. ; Supervised monitoring system consisting of provincial and municipal monitoring stations located near the key state-owned pollution sources. At the same time, national air backgrounds, rural areas, and greenhouse gas monitoring systems are being built.

With the increase of national investment, the capacity of the Terminus has also been significantly improved. As of the end of 2009, the station had built inorganic, organic laboratories, emergency monitoring laboratories, routine monitoring laboratories, air and water monitoring instrument quality testing laboratories, and launched laboratory constructions for dioxins, noise, biological monitoring, etc. Declared National Air Beijing Monitoring Laboratory and Environmental Quality Control Laboratory.

The monitoring stations at various levels have also successively equipped with a series of environmental emergency monitoring equipment, which has greatly improved the hardware level of emergency monitoring, the Songhua River water pollution incident, the Wenchuan earthquake, the earthquake monitoring of the Yushu earthquake in Qinghai Province, the Beijing Olympics, the Paralympic Games, and Shanghai. The World Expo air quality assurance emergency monitoring has played an important role.

At present, 149 key cities in the country already have the ability to conduct on-site monitoring of more than 20 kinds of inorganic toxic gases such as *H2O and other volatile organic pollutants such as benzene series and halogenated hydrocarbons in the air of environmental pollution accidents. The ability to carry out on-site monitoring of projects such as heavy metals in water and other conventional items, volatile or semi-volatile organics. At the same time, a large number of emergency portable instruments are gradually equipped to ensure the smooth development of emergency monitoring.

On September 6, 2008, our country successfully launched the HJ-IA and HJ-IB satellites for environmental monitoring and disaster reduction. It was officially delivered on March 30, 2009, indicating that China's environmental monitoring has entered a The new stage.

With the continuous development of remote sensing technology, the temporal, spatial and spectral resolution of remote sensing data will become higher and higher. The frequency, monitoring content and data accuracy of ecological monitoring will also gradually increase, and the integrated technology of the world will be more widely used in the field of environmental protection. Applications.