Chameleon Ink,Angle Color Changing Ink,Color Changing Ink,Optically Variable Anti-Forgery Ink, angle color-changing ink,chameleon ink,suitable for screen printing Guangzhou Chengbian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.gzcbct.com
Steel Pipe
Steel pipes are hollow sections of steel with a length significantly greater than their diameter or circumference. Based on cross-sectional shape, they can be categorized into circular, square, rectangular, and special-shaped steel pipes. Depending on the material, they include carbon structural steel pipes, low-alloy structural steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, and composite steel pipes. These pipes are widely used in thermal equipment, petrochemical industries, machinery manufacturing, geological drilling, and high-pressure systems. In terms of production methods, they are divided into seamless and welded steel pipes. Seamless pipes are further classified into hot-rolled and cold-drawn types, while welded pipes are divided into straight-seam and spiral-seam varieties.
Steel pipes are not only used for transporting fluids, powders, and heat exchange but also serve as cost-effective materials in construction and mechanical applications. For example, using steel pipes to build structural grids, columns, and supports can reduce weight by 20–40%, making them ideal for factory-based mechanized construction. When used in highway bridges, they save steel, simplify installation, and reduce the need for protective coatings, leading to lower costs in both construction and maintenance.
By production method, steel pipes are divided into two main categories: seamless and welded. Seamless pipes are made from high-quality carbon or alloy steel and come in hot-rolled and cold-rolled (drawn) forms. Welded pipes, also known as welded tubes, are produced through different welding techniques such as furnace welding, electric resistance welding, and automatic arc welding. They can also be classified based on seam type—straight-seam or spiral-seam—and shape—round or special-shaped (such as square or flat).
In terms of material classification, steel pipes include carbon steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, and others. Carbon pipes can be further divided into ordinary carbon steel and high-quality carbon structural pipes. Alloy pipes are categorized into low-alloy, alloy structural, high-alloy, and high-strength tubes, among others, including bearing tubes, heat-resistant and acid-resistant tubes, precision alloys like Kovar, and superalloys.
Based on connection methods, steel pipes are classified into bare pipes (without threads) and threaded pipes (with threads). Threaded pipes can be further divided into standard and thickened types, with thickened pipes available in external, internal, or both internal and external thread forms. Thread types may vary, including cylindrical, conical, or special threads. To meet user needs, threaded pipes often come with pipe fittings.
In terms of coating characteristics, steel pipes are either black (uncoated) or coated. Coated pipes include galvanized, aluminized, chrome-plated, and other alloy-coated steel pipes. They can have outer, inner, or both inner and outer coatings, with common materials like plastics, epoxy resins, coal tar epoxy, and glass-based anti-corrosion coatings. Galvanized pipes, for instance, include KBG, JDG, and threaded types.
Steel pipes are also classified by their application. They are used in fluid transportation, thermal equipment, machinery, oil and gas drilling, chemical industries, and more. Special-shaped steel pipes refer to those with non-circular cross-sections, such as square, rectangular, or custom shapes. These pipes are designed to meet specific performance requirements based on user needs and working conditions. Overall, the variety of steel pipe types ensures that they are suitable for a wide range of industrial and engineering applications.
Optical variable ink are used for anti-forgery of currencies and securities by many countries in the world. Some well-known manufacturers have also used them for the anti-forgery packaging and printing of tobacco, wine, medicine, cosmetics, and beverage.Optical Color-changing Ink is also called angle color-changing ink or Chameleon Ink. It shows two different colors when viewed from the front and side under white light. It has strong light-changing properties and large color difference changes. It can not be copied with any equipment and the anti-forgery reliability is extremely strong.