Scientists explore nanometer-scale 3D printing via polarization control of light

Scientists from the University of Vilnius (Vilnius) Laser Research Center in Lithuania are studying how 3D printing can be done in a more efficient manner. However, their research involves far more ways than the current stratification approach. By using ultra-fast laser pulses based on the interaction of nonlinear light with matter, they are working hard to dramatically improve 3D printing technology.

Recently, their research results have been published in "Advanced Optical Material" magazine, titled "Nanoscale Precision of 3D Polymerization via Polarization Control". Scientists say their research will bring even greater and unmatched flexibility and versatility to future 3D printing and will make it possible to use a wide range of new materials. In addition, it will also have an impact on telecommunications, electronics, devices based on Lab-on-chip technology, and tissue engineering. However, researchers pointed out that although this technique is more feasible in the lab, it is extremely expensive to convert this prototype device into an industrial day and night assembly line.

In this study, scientists focused on nanolithography to explore the effects of light polarization on 3D printing with this technology. "In laser 3D nanolithography, the polarization effect is mainly used to fine-tune the feature size of the photosensitive resin during the formation of the structure," the scientists said in the paper. According to the scientists, the key of this is how to provide fixed conditions between laser power and beam scan / object conversion speed as the linear polarization direction changes. If implemented, this will result in nano-scale accuracy. As shown in the image below, when the area changes with the same depth, the aspect ratio modulation capability of the aggregate feature size is enabled and no beam shaping technique or phase mask is required.

Changes in polymerization characteristics caused by constant irradiation intensity and different polarization directions related to laser direct writing (vertical, parallel, circular). Its Voxel size and aspect ratio can be adjusted on a nanometer scale with polarization control.

"During the laser processing, the influence of the polarization direction of the beam was thoroughly studied on conductive and dielectric solid targets," the researchers said in the paper. "These include the effect of polarization on the scalar parameters of the laser-material interaction, such as absorption coefficient and ionization rate."

In this research, investigators revealed the effects of polarization, resolution on resolution, and coupling of thermal gradients and polarizations under direct laser write conditions, based on an in-depth analysis based on 3D modeling and experiments.

Scientists were able to show their findings using a 3D printed wood pile photon structure with or without polarization correction.

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