US standards for agricultural equipment safety

American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard: ASAE S 318.6

The main content of this standard is consistent with the earlier amendment standard S318.3.

This standard replaces the standard ASAER 275, adopted in June 1964, to improve the safety of agricultural machinery and the standard R280 adopted in December 1964, to improve the safety of agricultural tractors. This standard was recommended by the Engineering and Technical Policy Committee of the Institute of Agricultural and Industrial Assembly, approved by the Technical Committee of the Department of Power Machinery of the American Agricultural Engineers Association, adopted by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers in December 1968, revised in December 1969, amended in February 1972, and Reclassification, edited in 1972, revised again in December 1973, March 1977, March 1978.

The scope and scope of the first item 1.1 This standard provides for the driver and other personnel how to ensure reasonable personal safety in the normal operation and maintenance of agricultural equipment.

Article 2 Definitions 2.1 Agricultural equipment refers to the design of agricultural tractors, self-propelled machines, agricultural implements and their associated work machines that are mainly used for agricultural operations.

2.2 The propeller is a tractor or a self-propelled machine.

2.3 Protection refers to a barrier to reduce physical contact between unintentional people and moving parts.

2.4 Inadequate contact refers to the contact of a person with a dangerous movement mechanism or other dangerous objects caused by an accidental movement of a person during work or maintenance.

2.5 Hazardous movement means a potential source of injury caused by moving parts, which can cause serious personal injury if the person comes into direct contact with it or the clothes of a person are wound around it.

2.6 Engagement point refers to the meshing point of the gear and the point where the belt or chain turns to the pulley, sprocket or tensioner.

2.7 Position protection refers to a protective measure against danger. When the dangerous component is covered by other parts of the machine, or because of its remote location, inadvertent contact can be minimized during normal operation and maintenance.

2.8 PTO shaft refers to the shaft that provides rotational power to the implement at the rear of the tractor.

2.9 Auxiliary power output shaft is an out-of-axis shaft that provides rotational power to the implement other than the rear of the tractor, usually located on the front or side of the tractor.

2.10 Tool drive line refers to the transmission system that transmits power from the tractor's power output shaft to the first part of the implement (such as gear pair, pulley, sprocket or flywheel) through the shaft, the universal joint, and the solid components of the coupling.

2.11 Ground drive means a part that is powered by the rotation of the ground wheel when it is mounted on the ground.

2.12 With reference to the ASEAN ESE390 standard for agricultural equipment.

Article 3 Instructions for use 3.1 Each piece of equipment shall be provided with instructions for use 3.2 The instructions for use shall have the general safety rules for normal operation and maintenance of machinery.

Article 4 Operators' Control of Machinery 4.1 The operator's control of the machine's position and movement shall be in accordance with the American Society of Agricultural Engineers' standard ASAES335 operator control of agricultural equipment.

4.2 The symbols used for differential control shall be in accordance with the American Society of Agricultural Engineers standard ASAES 304 Operational Control Symbols for Agricultural Equipment. Unobvious function control should be clearly distinguished.

4.3 foot control should have the appropriate size, space and appropriate shape for proper operation. Anti-slip measures should be provided to minimize the likelihood of the operator's foot sliding away from the control device.

4.4 Manual controls shall be of suitable size and shape so that they can be gripped and there should be adequate clearance around the hand throughout the operating range.

Article 5 Operation and Maintenance Rules 5.1 Each equipment operator should have a suitable location.

5.2 All equipment shall have pedals, handshaking or other facilities that facilitate access to and departure from the workplace.

5.3 If the pedals, ladders or handshaking of the propulsion machinery cannot be applied due to the installation of other devices, alternative facilities should be taken.

5.4 Where necessary, handshakes, handrails, barricades, or handicap guards should be provided to reduce the risk of falling during normal operation or maintenance, or from other parts of the equipment.

When installing the protective fence, the upper fence should be 900 to 1050 mm (41.3 in.) above the working channel or platform, and there is a fence around the platform and the upper fence.

5.5 The height of the first pedal does not exceed 686 mm (27.0 inches) and tends to 550 mm (21.6 inches); the vertical distance between the pedals does not exceed 406 mm (16 inches) and tends to 300 mm (11.8 inches), and each The steps should have enough toe space.

5.6 pedals and working platforms should have anti-slip surface.

5.7 When the outstretched hand or foot may collide with the dangerous movement mechanism, cover the back of the pedal and the ladder.

5.8 Glass or plastic of transparent materials shall be used in the vicinity of the driver in accordance with the standards of the American Society of Automotive Engineers: J674---Safe and transparent materials for motor vehicles.

Article 6 Power output shaft and implement drive line 6.1 When the tractor is provided with a power output shaft according to the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard ASAES 20 agricultural tractor's rear power output shaft, the power output shaft main guard shall be equipped. Although the main shield is not intended to be used as a pedal, there should be no permanent deformation when the driver weighs 120 kg (265 lbs).

6.2 When the auxiliary power output shaft is connected with the drive line of the implement, an auxiliary power output shaft shield should be provided.

6.3 When the power output shaft and the auxiliary power output shaft are disconnected from the drive line of the implement, cover them or add other protective facilities.

6.4 The machine tool driven by the PTO shaft covers the transmission line of the implement.

6.5 The same power protection should be installed on PTO-driven implements that require the removal of the main guard on the tractor.

6.6 Safety signs shall be placed on the obvious position of the implement to indicate the normal working speed of the power output shaft and the guard on the tool transmission line shall be kept in position.

6.7 In the obvious position of the tractor should be equipped with a safety sign indicating the normal operating speed of the PTO shaft and the PTO shaft guard should be kept in place.

6.8 The equipment driven by the PTO designed for fixed-position operation shall provide measures to keep the implement in place with respect to the position of the tractor to prevent separation of the power transmission lines.

Article 7 Tractor Overturn Protection Device 7.1 If the tractor is equipped with an overturn protection device, it shall comply with the standards of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers: ASAES 383 - Overturn protection structure for agricultural wheeled tractors.

Article 8 Protective Covers 8.1 The following mechanical parts shall be provided with a protective cover or protected by a positional protection method so as to reduce exposure to the following dangerous parts when they are inadvertently:

8.1.1 a moving member that generates a driving force;

8.1.2 Rotating parts of the engine;

8.1.3 Exposed gear pairs, belts, chain drive wheels and tensioner wheels and bite points;

8.1.4 The outer end faces of flat pulleys, V-belt pulleys, sprocket and gears in transmissions still operating with the engine when all clutches are disengaged;

8.1.5 Rotating parts with protruding parts such as exposed screws, keys or screw pairs;

8.1.6 Except for the amount of protrusion of the end of the optical axis being less than 1/2 of the diameter of the shaft (including its positioning means);

8.1.7 The ground drive that the operator may come into contact with while the transmission is moving;

8.1.8 Surfaces hot enough to injure personnel for normal operation and maintenance.

8.2 Working parts, such as picking or peeling rollers, stalk diffusers and cutters, arbors, flail rotors, rotary hammers, screws, feed rollers, rotary knife rollers and similar parts, must be exposed to work The maximum degree of protection shall be given on the premise that the expected effects of the parts are allowed.

8.3 Doors or covers that can be opened or removed after the power-off part can continue to rotate should be provided in the immediate vicinity with: (1) An easy-to-see audible signal that is a symbol of the rotation or rotation. (2) An appropriate safety sign.

Article 9 The upgraded parts 9.1 The parts can only be properly maintained or adjusted when the parts are in the raised position. Appropriate measures shall be taken to protect the lifted parts from carelessness. In addition, the instructions for use shall include methods for reliably supporting or locking the lifted parts prior to maintenance or adjustment.

Article 10 The lights and signs of road operation 10.1 equipment shall comply with the standards of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers: ASAES 279---Lights and signs of agricultural equipment during road operation.

10.1.1 The instruction manual of the implement shall indicate that the driver shall turn on the flash warning light (except where prohibited by law) in the highway operation.

10.2 The propeller with cab shall have at least one reflector so that the driver can see the road behind the machine.

10.3 Mounting pins and other mounting devices shall be provided with fixing devices to prevent accidental disengagement.

10.4 Machines that can be contracted to reduce the transport width should be insured during transport.

10.5 For implements that are towed on a highway by a single point of attachment, provision shall be made for the use of additional attachment systems and shall be in accordance with the American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard: ASAE S338—Safety Chains for Traction Tools.

Article 11 Brake and Parking Requirements 11.1 The guidelines for the braking performance requirements for agricultural equipment refer to the ASEAN Trial Standard: ASAES 365T—Brake Test Procedures and Brake Performance Specifications for Agricultural Equipment.

11.2 All traction equipment with a main traction beam and a vertical downward force greater than 205 Newtons (55 lbs) acting on a 406 mm (16 in) height attachment point shall be used on flat ground and under any loading conditions. Hand-pull traction beams are facilities that can be attached to the thruster.

Article 12 Fire Protection 12.1 When it is necessary to prevent open flames from igniting crop materials, the engine exhaust ducts, mufflers and exhaust pipes shall be protected.

12.2 The fuel precipitation cup assembly used on a gasoline engine shall be fire resistant.

Article 13 Safety Signs (see photo)

13.1 Use When there is a need to warn the driver and other personnel of the risk of personal injury during normal operation and maintenance, appropriate safety signs should be given for display.

13.2 Instructions 13.2.1 Cautions, warnings, hazards Recommendations are to be used to indicate the degree of danger involving personal safety (not a guidance sign concerning the maintenance and care of the machine, for words such as caution, important matters, etc. regarding such guidance signs):

13.2.1.1 Be careful for general reminders, to operate safely or to give direct attention to non-safety operations.

The 13.2.1.2 warning specifically indicates a potential hazard. Such signs should be clearly placed in the danger zone.

13.2.1.3 Hazard Specifically identifies the most serious potential hazard.

13.2.2 Safety Warning Signs The American Society of Agricultural Engineers Standard: ASAES 305--Agricultural Equipment Safety Marks, should use the above words to indicate the level of safety involved.

13.3 Colours 13.3.1 Cautions and Warnings The signs should be combined in yellow and black.

13.3.2 Danger signs should be combined in red and white.

13.3.3 Flange is available on any part of the sign for obvious results.

13.3.4 This type of color combination should not be used for other noticeable signs.

13.4 Other requirements 13.4.1 Safety signs, instructions or similar instructions should be included in the instructions for use.

13.4.2 Safety signs should use high quality materials. The safety sign should withstand 24 months of wind, sun and rain in the Miami and Florida areas at a 45° angle to the sun and the rushing without visible cracks, whitening, blurring, discoloration, blistering or loss. Adhesion.